Category Archives: brain

brain, Chronic pain, Mindfulness, Stress Management, Wellness topic

Pain vs. Suffering: How to Reduce Chronic Pain by Working With Your Nervous System

If you’ve been following along, we’ve been exploring three core questions about chronic pain:

  • What is pain, really?
  • Why does my body perceive pain the way it does?
  • How can I experience less pain, move better, and function more fully in daily life?

In the last two posts, we explored what pain is and how the nervous system processes it. Today, we begin answering the third question:

How do we experience less pain?

The first step is understanding the difference between pain and suffering.

Pain vs. Suffering: What’s the Difference?

Pain and suffering are often used interchangeably, but they are not the same.

Psychology Today offers this helpful distinction:

  • Pain: A physical sensation that occurs in response to injury or illness. It serves as a biological signal that something may need attention. Pain can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
  • Suffering: The emotional and psychological distress that arises from pain. It is influenced by how we interpret, react to, and relate to the pain — including anxiety, frustration, fear, or hopelessness.

Pain is a biological message.

Suffering is the story we build around that message.

When we reduce tension, fear, and resistance — as discussed in previous posts — we reduce the nervous system’s perception of threat. This alone can dial pain down.

But we can go further.

We can begin to separate sensation from interpretation.

Why This Matters for Chronic Pain

Pain is not optional.

Suffering often is.

We may not control the initial sensation, but we do have influence over:

  • Resistance
  • Catastrophic thinking
  • Identity-based beliefs (“I am broken”)
  • Fear-based projections about the future

Suffering is often the additional layer we heap on top of the biological pain.

It’s similar to the difference between guilt and shame:

  • Guilt says: “I did something wrong.”
  • Shame says: “I am wrong.”

Pain says: “There is sensation in my back.”
Suffering says: “My body is broken and my life is over.”

One is data.
The other is interpretation.

How to Distinguish Between Pain and Suffering

Use the following self-inquiry to separate sensation from story.

Step 1: Is This Sensation or Story?

Pain-focused questions (sensation):

  • What am I physically noticing right now (location, temperature, pressure, movement)?
  • Can I describe this using only sensory words?
  • Is the sensation shifting, even slightly?

Suffering-focused questions (story):

  • What am I telling myself about this sensation?
  • Am I predicting the future?
  • Am I making this mean something about who I am?
  • What am I afraid this pain will lead to?

Pain: “Sharp, pulsing in lower back.”
Suffering: “This will never get better.”

Step 2: Is There Resistance?

Suffering often equals:

Pain × Resistance

Ask yourself:

  • Am I fighting this sensation?
  • Am I bracing or tensing against it?
  • What happens if I soften by just 5%?
  • If this sensation were allowed to exist for 30 seconds, what would change?

The nervous system amplifies pain when it senses threat.
Resistance sends a threat signal.

Softening reduces it.

Step 3: Is Identity Involved?

Pain is an experience.
Suffering becomes identity.

  • Am I saying “I have pain” or “I am broken”?
  • Has this sensation become part of who I think I am?
  • Who would I be without this story?
  •  

Step 4: Am I Time Traveling?

Pain happens in the present moment.
Suffering lives in the past and future.

  • Am I replaying how this started?
  • Am I imagining worst-case outcomes?
  • If I focus only on right now, what is actually happening?

Often, this moment is tolerable.
It’s the imagined trajectory that overwhelms us.

Step 5: What Is This Pain Trying to Protect?

This is where we shift into compassion.

  • If this pain had a protective job, what would it be?
  • What might my nervous system believe is dangerous?
  • Is there an unmet need underneath this sensation?

Pain is not your enemy.
It is often your body trying to protect you.

Step 6: Separate Sensation from Meaning

Try this:

  • What is the raw data?
  • What is the interpretation?
  • Which part is optional?

Example:

  • Raw data: throbbing knee
  • Interpretation: “I’ll never hike again.”
  • Optional layer: catastrophic projection

A Simple Formula for Reducing Suffering

Pain = Sensation
Suffering = Sensation + Resistance + Story + Fear

To reduce suffering:

  1. Ease resistance.
  2. Rewrite the narrative.
  3. Challenge fear-based thinking.
  4. Respond with self-compassion instead of self-judgment.

For example:

Instead of:
“I won’t be able to provide for my family because I can’t work.”

Try:
“I care deeply about providing for my family. I will explore options and get professional guidance.”

One is fear.
The other is values-based action.

Want to Go Deeper?

If this resonates with you, I’ve created:

✔ A guided journaling worksheet to help you separate pain from suffering
✔ A nervous system reset practice
✔ Additional members-only resources for managing chronic pain through ACT, mindfulness, and yoga therapy

You can:

👉 Join my newsletter for free resources, guided practices, and early access to upcoming groups.


👉 Or explore the Members Content Library, where I share deeper teachings, downloadable worksheets, audio practices, and structured pain-management tools.

Reducing suffering doesn’t require eliminating pain.

It requires changing your relationship to it.

And that is absolutely possible.

Anatomy, brain, Chronic pain, Mindfulness, Yoga

What Is Pain? Understanding the Mind–Body Experience of Chronic Pain

Our next group offering, Managing Chronic Pain through ACT, Mindfulness, and Yoga, is designed to help answer some of the most common—and often frustrating—questions people living with chronic pain ask:

  • What is pain, really?
  • Why does my body perceive pain the way it does?
  • How can I experience less pain, move better, and function more fully in daily life?

Today’s post focuses on the first question: What is pain?

Defining Pain: More Than a Physical Sensation

Merriam-Webster defines pain as:

“A localized or generalized unpleasant bodily sensation or complex of sensations that causes mild to severe physical discomfort and emotional distress and typically results from bodily disorder (such as injury or disease).”

While helpful, this definition still frames pain primarily as a physical symptom.

In July 2020, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) revised its definition to better reflect what research and lived experience have long shown:

“An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage.”

IASP also added several key clarifications that are especially important for anyone living with chronic pain:

  • Pain is always personal and influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.
  • Pain and nociception (nerve signaling) are not the same thing.
  • Pain cannot be understood by sensory input alone.
  • A person’s report of pain should always be respected.
  • Pain may serve an adaptive role, but it can also negatively affect function, mood, and relationships.
  • Inability to communicate pain does not mean pain is not present.

Pain as a Protective Experience, Not Just a Warning Signal

One of my favorite explanations of pain comes from Neil Pearson, published in Yoga Therapy Today. He writes:

“Pain is both a complex experience and a complex biological process. Pain exists when neural circuits conclude that danger exists and that action is required. As such, it is so much more than a symptom or a message telling us that there is something damaged or diseased in the body. Pain is an experience. It motivates us to stop or change our behavior.”

This perspective helps explain something many people with chronic pain already know intuitively: pain is not a single signal, and it’s not always a reliable indicator of damage.

Why Pain Comes and Goes

We often think of pain as straightforward—like touching a hot stove and instantly pulling our hand away. But chronic pain behaves differently.

For example, imagine sitting quietly on the couch. Your low back starts to ache. You shift positions, maybe take some ibuprofen, and mentally review everything you should be doing to prevent this pain from returning—better posture, better lifting mechanics, more core strength.

Now imagine that a loved one suddenly cuts themselves badly and needs stitches. You’re grabbing your keys, driving to the ER, focused entirely on helping them.

What happened to your back pain?

Did it disappear?
Yes—and no.

Your body didn’t suddenly heal your back. Instead, your nervous system reprioritized. Pain is perceived when the brain decides something requires attention right now. Sitting still gives your system space to say, “Hey, we should address this posture issue.” An emergency tells your brain, “This can wait.”

Pain, in this way, is a decision made by the nervous system, not just a direct response to tissue damage.

Pain and Emotions Speak the Same Language

This is where psychotherapy—and ACT in particular—becomes so relevant.

I often tell clients that emotions are messengers from the subconscious:

  • Fear asks us to protect
  • Anxiety asks us to prepare
  • Anger asks us to set a boundary
  • Joy tells us to keep going

Pain behaves similarly. It delivers information. It motivates action. But—like emotions—we don’t have to obey it blindly.

For example, if you’ve been in a car accident, your fear may insist that driving is dangerous. Therapy helps you gently remind your nervous system that while accidents can happen, the evidence shows you’ve driven safely many times. You acknowledge the message without letting it run your life.

Pain can be approached the same way.

Choice, Language, and Relationship with Pain

What stands out most to me—and what this group is built around—is the idea that there is choice. Sometimes conscious, sometimes not, our bodies decide every day how much pain we perceive and how loudly it speaks.

We already know our thoughts influence emotions. Research now shows that pain is influenced in similar ways. When we develop a new relationship with pain—and the language to communicate with it—we often find that suffering decreases, even when sensations remain.

That is exactly what we’ll explore in Managing Chronic Pain through ACT, Mindfulness, and Yoga:
learning how to listen to pain, respond skillfully, and move toward a life that is fuller and more functional—with or without pain present.

For More:

You’re invited to join our Members-only Bonus Content Library, where you’ll find a variety of PDFs, recordings, and other resources to support your wellness.

A recent addition is an audio version of a guided meditation for cultivating body awareness and breathing through physical sensations with openness and compassion.

If you’d like to explore this meditation, a free PDF is also available through our newsletter. Sign up by Friday to receive a copy. This PDF will be uploaded to our Bonus Content Library next week if you missed it. For $5 a month you can have access to all we send out. (Sign up for newsletter is below or on our home page. Sign up for Bonus Content in the subscribe button on our homepage or in the link above.)

Articles Referenced and further resources on Chronic pain:

Neil Pearson. “Neurobiology of Pain.” Spring 2016.

Adhana McCarthy, et al. “Mediational Analysis of Yoga’s Effect on Chronic Low-Back Pain in Veterans: What Factors Really Matter?” 2022(32).

Peter S. Myers, et al. “Yoga Improves Balance and Low-Back Pain, but Not Anxiety, in People with Parkinson’s Disease.” 2020(30).

Neil Pearson, et al. “Pain and Yoga Therapy: Part 3. When Pain Persists.” Spring 2020.

Neil Pearson, et al. “Pain and Yoga Therapy: Part 2. The Lived Experience of Persisting Pain.” Winter 2020.

Neil Pearson, et al. “Pain and Yoga Therapy: Part 1.” Summer 2019.

Anatomy, brain, research, Yoga

What is Vagus Nerve Stimulation?

The vagus nerve is a very long nerve that carries signals back and forth to your brain, heart, lungs and digestive system. It is the longest cranial nerve in your body. It is said to run from the brain all the way to the large intestines. It also has branches that reach all of our major organs.

I tell clients that the vagus nerve is what people consider to be the “lizard brain” of the body. It is responsible for fight or flight responses and also freeze and hide. It controls involuntary sensory and motor functions like your heart rate, speech, mood and urine output. It is a very complex system of communication with our entire body but it has a very important role in how we respond to stress. The role it plays is regulating the way the body switches from the rational brain (the parasympathetic nervous system – relaxed state) to a fight or flight response (sympathetic nervous system – alert state).

Apparently the vagus nerve can lose its ability to switch back easily to the parasympathetic mode due to factors like stress or age. Also Known as vagal dysfunction, this can put a person at risk for high blood pressure, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, depression and anxiety.

Professionals say that stimulating the vagus nerve will help our body to switch more quickly to a relaxed state. They recommend a variety of things to do to “stimulate” the vagus nerve. These include: 1) meditation, 2) exercise, 3) music, 4)massage, 5)cold exposure and also through 6) a medical intervention, applying an implanted or transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, VNS/tVNSSo “stimulation”.

These activities create a cascade of events in our body that lead to activating the parasympathetic nervous system. Sensory signals initiate when we participate in one of the above activities. This signal then travels up to the brain stem from the lower part of the body that is participating in the activity/sensation. The brain stem then sends signals to activate certain parts of the parasympathetic nervous system, which in turn, decreases cortisol, heart rate, and increases metabolism. This mechanism triggers the release of chemicals like serotonin and anti-inflammatory related chemicals that help our body feel calm and less pain. This series of events isn’t just for experiencing relaxation — it’s a multi-system communication event linking the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. It affects not just an emotional state but the entire body.

The reason that the above activities trigger a response that activates the parasympathetic nervous system is the need for our body to seek balance and recovery. When we shock it with cold our body wants homeostasis, so it activates a series of events to calm us down. This idea of trying to return back to its original state and achieve homeostasis is also at work with activities like massage/yoga/exercise. These activities create specific changes in our body systems that makes the body want to return to it’s original state. Our body registers the sensations and our vagus nerve sends out messages to release chemicals to balance excitement or other changes. These chemicals make us feel calm and “okay”. Breathing/humming/music can also do the same thing. Basically any sensory activity that is not overly stressful or perceived as actual danger, can stimulate the vagus nerve in a healthy manner. The more we do these activities, the more training we do for our system to be stronger and recover quickly from changes and imbalances, ie stress in our environment.

On a side note, a big chemical messenger that is responsible in this process is Acetylcholine (Ach). It’s a little bit more technical for me to explain so for further information on this process, go to this link.

Also for more info on polyvagal theory, click here.

For a quick yoga routine the aids in stimulating the vagus nerve, subscribe to access our bonus content.

brain, Nutrition, Wellness topic

The Gut and Depression

I am fascinated about all the research in the gut biome and our relationship with the microbes that live inside of us.  I am motivated to figure out how to guide clients in improving their mood through their nutrition.  I am not a professional nutritionist but I try very hard to stay up on the latest research.  Subsequently I ran across this article in Psychology Today, October 2017 issue, pg 31-32 on how the microbes in your gut affect your mood.

There were  2 studies mentioned that as I scanned the information grabbed my attention.  The first one was on the transplanting fecal matter from depressed patients into germ-free rats.  The rats then began to develop symptoms of anxiety and anhedonia (not taking interest in the usual things one finds interesting).  The other study involved giving patients prebiotics (material that enhances the grown of beneficial microbes in the gut.)  The researchers discovered one particular type of prebiotics ( galacto-oligosaccharides – GSOs) to decrease cortisol and increase a patient’s attention to positive events.

However what was most intriguing as I looked deeper into the article was the theory of how important fiber is to our gut biome.  Apparently  fibrous material from plants which are more difficult to digest help feed beneficial microbes.  This fermentation that occurs releases energy, gases, and metabolites called “short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).  These SCFAs are one of the ways our gut communicates with our brain, signaling molecules throughout the body to mobilize hormones and activate nerve pathways to everything from body weight to mood states.  Apparently the material present from these prebiotics in the fiber is extremely important for wellness and something our general Western diet lacks.  Per article our ancestors consumed around 100 grams of fiber while  we consume currently around 15 grams of fiber a day.   This is just another added point toward why nutrition is so important to limiting our stress and increasing well-being.

 

brain, Change, Exercise, Nutrition, Wellness topic

Brain Health

 

Research on Alzheimer’s was again in Scientific American this month.  This particular article was reviewing research based on a clinical trial by “FINGER” (the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability) between 2009 and 2011.  The results of the clinical trials and the study show that it is never too early and in this case  never “too late”  to intervene with cognitive decline through changes in the way one lives.

The changes they were referring to were eating a Mediterranean like diet, getting exercise, and challenging the brain through learning new things and memory challenges.  These recommendations are by no means new to the public but just validates even more this life style.  To be clear the exercise that showed positive results in memory and organization was 2-3 times a week of 60 minute periods of exercise like muscle strength training, aerobic exercise and postural balance and the Mediterranean diet was fruits, vegetables, whole grains, rapeseed oil, a fish meal  at least twice a week.  The only supplement given was Vitamin D.

Of course the groups started slow and built up to this goal which is encouraging.  They started at 30 minutes.  The exercise sometimes is the most difficult to work in.  It’s important to note that the time they give is not straight cardio work, it combines strength building, cardio, and posture improvement such as in physical therapy, physiotherapy, and some types of yoga.

Motivation for change can be a slow process but building up reasons to change is one of the steps.  Looks like this study gives us more to add to that list of pros and cons.  Hopefully also  it will also help us to work through the ambivalence.